Poštovane čitateljice i čitatelji!
Više je važnih događaja koji 2015. godinu čine izuzet no značajnom za cjelokupno hrvatsko šumarstvo i oso bitom za časopis koji je pred vama. To je, ponajprije, proslava 250. godišnjice hrvatskoga šumarstva te niz ma nifestacija i aktivnosti održanih tijekom godine povodom obilježavanja toga velikoga jubileja. Za časopis je 2015. godina također obljetnička pa je obilježena organizacijom međunarodnoga savjetovanja i određenim novostima u djelovanju samoga časopisa…

This paper presents the investigation of forest workers’ attitudes and opinions. The purpose of the research was to examine and explain some value criteria of forest workers, and demonstrate their potential changes in the 15-year period. The survey was conducted by using a previously prepared questionnaire, i.e the questionnaire applied for the first time in 1998. The survey conducted in 2012/13 and comparison with the results from 1998 enabled the observation of changes in some indicators for the two observed groups of examinees, distant in time. The study included: (1) General and socio-economic data about workers, (2) Choice of profession, training for work and desirable qualities of workers, (3) Assessment of workers’ health and safety, (4) Value and technological criteria to work, (5) Protection of worker rights, (6) Everyday occupation of workers and the expectations in the immediate future, (7) Assessment of research, questionnaire design and content of questions. Research results in some of the indicators: a) reflect certain favorable developments and positive progress achieved in the observed period – the safety and health of employees, attitude towards work, the choice of profession, etc; b) indicate the end of negative trends – the effectiveness of work site organization, exploitation condition of working machinery; c) point to a further deterioration or the continuation of unfavorable trends – decline in living standards, training for forest work, everyday psychological strain of workers and other.

Keywords: forest work, standard of workers, forestry work training, worker characteristics, health and injuries, value criteria of workers, worker rights

The paper presents the features of the new tractor semi-trailer »Lika« equipped with »Palms« hydraulic crane. The semi-trailer is made in Croatia according to dimensions that have already been tested in forestry practice in Central Europe, while the hydraulic crane »Palms« is made in Estonia. An important feature of the studied forest semi-trailer is the ability to shift its bogie axle across longitudinal beam, which may affect the semi-trailer load through the shaft to the rear axle of the tractor, depending on whether it is transporting logs or forest residue. Also, there is the possibility of an articulated shaft displacement in the longitudinal axis in order to reduce the radius of turning circle and improve manoeuvrability of the tractor assembly in stand conditions. Testing of the semi-trailer was conducted in accordance with applicable ISO standards, together with the agricultural tractor. Test results show that such a tractor assembly is not dimensionally different from other tractor assemblies engaged in timber extraction after thinning in lowland forests, and compared to them, the studied forest semi-trailer has a greater mass of 250 kg and a very convenient turning circle diameter.

Keywords: forest semi-trailer, tractor assembly, testing, ISO standards

The aim of this article was to determine statistical relation between the cut area, cross terrain slope and the depth of carriageway by statistical processing of data obtained from forest road desings. Statistical analysis has been done based on data measured for cross–section profiles. The analysis has been done for two models of multiple–regression:

• I model of multiple-regression, where the impact of transverse cross terrain slope and depth of carriageway on cut area has been determined,
• II model of multiple-regression, where individual »net« impacts of one independent variable on dependent variables was analyzed by using the average value of the second independent variable. Both models were calculated for fine grained (coherent) soils (Category C) and hard stones (Category A).

The equations of multiple-regression, which define mutual impact of analyzed factors, have been derived by the statistical analysis. High quotas of correlation, which have been obtained, assure that mutual impact of analyzed factors is significant.

The analysis carried out by net regression of influencing factors has shown as follows:

• cut area increases when cross terrain slope increases for fine grained (coherent) soils (Category C) and hard stones (Category A),
• when depth of carriageway increases, cut area increases several times,
• t-test has been used to make comparison of the results obtained with the results on the basis of table data Jeličić 1975. Based on the comparison, it can be concluded that equations obtained by analysis give approximate data. Accurate cut area could only be obtained by measurement at each cross-section.

Keywords: forest roads, depth of carriageway, cross terrain slope, category of materials

This paper presents an analysis of terrain roughness (ground obstacles i.e. stoniness and rockiness) in MU »Kupjački vrh« of FTRC Zalesina, as one of important terrain features that affect vehicle mobility. Ground obstacles (stoniness and rockiness) were recorded and measured by setting a systematic sample of 319 sample plots, at a distance of 100 meters from each other, with the size of 10 × 10 m. Height and frequency of ground obstacles were measured on each sample plot and obstacles were divided into four groups (isolated, infrequent, moderately frequent and frequent) and in four height classes: H20 (10–30 cm), H40 (30–50 cm), H60 (50–70 cm) and H80 (> 70 cm). Analysis showed the prevalence of grade 3 (uneven terrain) on 39.59% of the area. Classes 3, 4 and 5 (grade 5 being the worst) together account for more than a half of the total area of the forest management unit (65.87%). The data of the official Management Plans on the rockiness of compartments/sub-compartments can only be found in the description of stands (forms O2 or O3) and do not represent a good input from the standpoint of vehicle mobility or terrain trafficability because they only give the share of the covered surface. Therefore, a survey/assessment of ground obstacles is proposed with respect to their depth/height and frequency, as one of the components of field measurements in the preparation of Management Plans.

Keywords: stoniness, rockiness, ground obstacles, terrain trafficability

Despite considerable consumption of chopped firewood in Europe, a relatively small number of comparative studies has been conducted on productivity and costs of firewood processors, as well as on the quality of the produced firewood

A method of continuous chronometry was applied in order to determine the efficiency of Binderberger SSP 450 E firewood processor in mechanized production of chopped firewood. Time consumption was determined and analyzed providing work elements of effective time and delays. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the dependence of time consumption of individual work elements on the dimensions (length and mid diameter) of round fuelwood. A model for the calculation of firewood processor productivity (on the effective time level) was developed based on parameters of significant influence. Efficiency was also evaluated from the aspect of product quality according to the standards for solid biofuels (HRN EN ISO).

With the mathematical model for firewood processor productivity (producing 25 cm length sessile oak chopped firewood), designed on the basis of the research results, it is possible to determine the productivity for different round fuelwood lengths and diameters. The model recognizes the influence of the length of round wood on the amount of time required for cross­cutting and splitting work element as well as on the increase of the quantity of finial product per piece of round fuelwood. However, research has not determined the impact of round fuelwood diameter on the amount of time required for cross­cutting and splitting work element. Hence, the model recognizes only the positive influence of diameter on the increase of the final product amount per piece of round fuelwood.

The opportunity for a substantial increase in quality, and thus the price of fuel wood, lies in optimizing the natural drying of raw material in order to achieve 25 % or less of water content, in order to comply with the regulations of quality class A1 and A2 according to ISO 17225­5: 2014. However, it should be noted that the process of natural drying can be demanding with regard to the long period of capital binding and greater logistic efforts in the overall production system.

Research results and challenges encountered during the research indicate the necessity of more detailed recording and analysis of work element cross­cutting and splitting and experimental design with input raw material of different quality (due to the sweep and the occurrence of knots) and raw material sorted with respect to the diameter and length classes.

Production volume and value of chopped firewood demand further research on productivity of different firewood processors and on the quality of chopped firewood, as well as an analysis of cost benefits of the entire supply chain.

Keywords: firewood, productivity, cross­cutting and splitting, length, diameter, product quality

In the process of exploitation of forest ecosystems, within an environmentally conscious wood market, it is very difficult to survive if offered products do not originate from responsibly and sustainably managed forests, and the same is confirmed by issuance of a certificate with the trade mark i.e. logo. In this paper, forest certification, as a mechanism for improving forest management, is shown through the benefits it provides to forestry sector in environmental, social and economic terms. Also, in the framework of the paper, the introduction describes the process of certification in general and gives a brief overview of several less represented models of forest certification in the world. In the middle part of the paper, two leading international models of certification are described in detail: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Program for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). The final section of the paper presents a detailed comparison of two main models of certification within five category elements with respect to their advantages and disadvantages. The comparative analysis shows that the benefits of PEFC system are reflected through the national PEFC schemes that provide a range of options to customize specific national conditions, while the FSC system is carried out by an internationally operating body, where it is only possible to make an impact through the activity of a national working group in the implementation of standards

Keywords: forestry, forest certification, certification models, FSC, PEFC

Designing of forest roads involves the performance of many specific tasks. Each of the tasks requires the expertise and the use of appropriate tools. There are many computer programs that are used for designing public roads and forest roads. This paper shows the comparerison of the existing solution, the computer program »Cesta« (Road) and the modern computer module »Trasa« (Route). Possibilities of each tool are shown and their functionality is tested on specific examples. The computer program »Cesta« is often used in Croatia and its possibilities are very well known among designers of forest roads. The paper presents the main views (situation, longitudinal profile, cross sections), and additional tools that are rarely used for designing forest roads. Deficiencies cannot be removed because the computer program »Cesta« ceased to develop, and it is, therefore, difficult to adjust to possible changes in legislation and technical requirements for forest roads. On the other hand, the computer module »Trasa« is a new tool for us that is still evolving in line with the needs of the user. The paper describes the structure and function menus required for the master/detailed design of forest roads. The working principle is explained and new solutions are presented that can make the computer module »Trasa« a potentially better solution if its design methodology is adjusted to new technologies. Designers of forest roads have always made efforts to upgrade the quality of designing forest road, trying to introduce uniformity and standardization, and it is up to them to choose an appropriate solution.

Keywords: designing, computer programs, computer modules, forest roads

On the occasion of the adoption of the first professional guidelines of the Croatian Chamber of Forestry and Wood Technology Engineers named »Guidelines for the Preparation of Forestry Workplace Elaboration Document«, this paper deals with a whole range of issues: 1) Why are professional guidelines necessary?, 2) Who is competent to define professional guidelines?, 3) Who initiates the process and how are guidelines for professional chambers created?, as well as 4) How should professional guidelines look like?

Ideas and attitudes presented are indicators for chartered forestry engineers, who will participate in any way (as submitters, members of working groups or participants in public discussions) in the adoption of further guidelines of the Croatian Chamber of Forestry and Wood Technology Engineers.

Keywords: professional chamber, guidelines

Šumarstvo se u Austriji susreće s novonastalim okolnostima koje se odnose na međunarodnu ekonomsku konkurenciju i pritisak na cijene proizvoda, ali i cijene rada. Uspješnim rješenjem za suočavanje s takvim izazovima smatra se obrazovanje svih zainteresiranih dionika u području šumarske ekonomije. Situacija vezana uz sadašnje, a i buduće obrazovanje u austrijskom šumarstvu mijenja se. Današnji je pristup temeljen na ideji »dvojnoga obrazovanja« koje se sastoji u prožimanju teorijskoga učenja i praktičnoga osposobljavanja (treninga) unutar razdoblja obrazovanja. Tim se pristupom želi dosegnuti visok stupanj stručnih znanja i specijaliziranih vještina u šumarstvu. U dijelu takva programa, odnosno osposobljavanja, koje je provedeno u razdoblju od 20. do 23. travnja 2015. godine, sudjelovali su, zajedno s dvojicom viših asistenata (M. Landekić i K. Lepoglavec), i studenti Šumarskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (osam studenata preddiplomskoga studija Šumarstvo i diplomskoga studija Šumarstvo – Tehnike, tehnologije i management u šumarstvu, TTM). U međunarodno priznatom i cijenjenom šumarskom obrazovnom centru »Forest Training Center Ossiach« u gradiću Ossiachu u Austriji, oni su pohodili i završili radionicu o šumskim žičarama.

U organizaciji Društva za športsku rekreaciju Salinovec te pod pokroviteljstvom Grada Ivanca i Šumarskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 6. i 7. lipnja 2015. godine u parku stare škole u Salinovcu održan je 1. hrvatski festival kiparenja motornom pilom.

Svečanosti otvorenja festivala prisustvovao je dekan Šumarskoga fakulteta prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Jambreković, a festival je otvorio potpredsjednik Hrvatskoga sabora Milorad Batinić, dipl. ing. Šumarstva.

Svoje vještine kiparenja motornom pilom pokazalo je sedam natjecatelja iz Hrvatske te tri natjecatelja iz Slovenije. U dva dana trajanja festivala kiparenja motornom pilom moglo se uživati u radu istinski talentiranih umjetnika. Posjetitelji su bili jednodušni da takvoj umjetnosti treba posvetiti veću pažnju u Republici Hrvatskoj.

U Leibnitzu je od 4. do 8. listopada 2015. godine održano 48. međunarodno znanstveno savjetovanje udruženja FORMEC pod naslovom »Forest engineering: Making a positive contribution« u organizaciji Sveučilišta u Beču (BOKU), odnosno Zavoda za šumarske tehnike i tehnologije pod vodstvom profesora Karla Stampfera.

Cilj je savjetovanja bio predstavljanje novih znanstvenih i operativnih dostignuća ekološki prihvatljivih tehnologija u šumarstvu i drvnoj industriji te spajanje znanstvenika, istraživača i praktičara iz cijeloga svijeta radi razmjene iskustava, znanja i vještina vezanih uz šumarske tehnike i tehnologije. Članovi Znanstvenoga odbora bili su Raffaele Cavalli (Sveučilište u Padovi, Italija), Hans Rudolf Heinimann (Švicarski federalni institut tehnologije, Švicarska), Tadeusz Moskalik (Poljoprivredno sveučilište u Varšavi, Poljska), Tibor Pentek (Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska), Karl Stampfer (Sveučilište u Beču, Austrija), Rien Visser (Sveučilište Canterbury, Novi Zeland).

U Srbiji je od 28. do 30. listopada 2015. godine održano 2. međunarodno savjetovanje »Forest Engineering of Southeast – Europe – state and challenges«. Prvo takvo savjetovanje održano je u travnju 2014. godine u Zalesini u organizaciji Zavoda za šumarske tehnike i tehnologije Šumarskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a ove je godine organizator savjetovanja bio Šumarski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Savjetovanje je održano na Nastavnoj bazi »Goč« u blizini Kraljeva.

Na savjetovanju je sudjelovalo preko 80 sudionika iz zemalja regije. Među sudionicima su bili znanstvenici i istraživači šumarskih fakulteta iz Skoplja, Sarajeva, Banje Luke, Zagreba, Ljubljane i Beograda, zatim predstavnici državnih poduzeća »Srbija šume«, »Vojvodina šume«, »Borjak«, »Nacionalni park Tara« i »Šume Republike Srpske«, te predstavnici FAO-a, Drvnoga klastera Hrvatske te nastavnih baza »Majdanpečka domena« i »Goč«. Predstavljeno je više od 20 znanstvenih, stručnih i preglednih radova. Povodom međunarodnoga savjetovanja izdano je i posebno izdanje Glasnika Šumarskoga fakulteta iz Beograda u kojem je objavljeno 15 znanstvenih i preglednih radova.